染雾英文摘要翻译技巧 篇一
标题：The Art of Translating English Abstracts
Abstract:
Translating abstracts from English to another language requires a specific set of skills and techniques. This article aims to provide some helpful tips for efficiently and accurately translating English abstracts.
Introduction:
English is the dominant language in academic and scientific publications, and many researchers and scholars worldwide rely on English abstracts to quickly understand the content of a research paper. Therefore, accurate translation of these abstracts is crucial for effective communication and knowledge dissemination.
1. Understand the Purpose and Structure:
Before starting the translation process, it is essential to grasp the purpose and structure of the abstract. English abstracts typically include a concise summary of the study's objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. Familiarize yourself with the conventions and expectations of the target language's abstracts to ensure a smooth translation.
2. Maintain Conciseness and Clarity:
English abstracts are usually written in a concise and clear manner. It is crucial to maintain this style in the translated version. Avoid unnecessary wordiness and ensure that each sentence delivers the intended meaning accurately. Be mindful of the word limit imposed by the target journal or conference.
3. Use Appropriate Terminology:
A thorough understanding of both the source and target languages' terminologies is essential. Familiarize yourself with the specific terminology related to the subject matter of the abstract. Use specialized dictionaries, glossaries, and reliable online resources to ensure accurate translation of technical terms.
4. Consider Cultural and Linguistic Differences:
Translation goes beyond converting words from one language to another; it also involves considering cultural and linguistic differences. Be aware of idiomatic expressions, cultural references, and sentence structures that may not directly translate. Adapt the translation to suit the target language's conventions while preserving the original meaning.
5. Proofread and Edit:
Once the translation is complete, proofread and edit the text for grammatical errors, coherence, and clarity. Ensure that the translated abstract reads smoothly and accurately conveys the original message. Consider seeking feedback from native speakers or colleagues proficient in the target language for additional insights.
Conclusion:
Translating English abstracts requires a combination of language skills, subject matter knowledge, and cultural understanding. By following these tips, translators can effectively convey the essence of the original abstract in a way that is accessible and accurate to the target audience.
英文摘要翻译技巧 篇二
标题：Mastering the Art of Translating English Abstracts
Abstract:
Translating English abstracts is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as effective communication skills. This article provides valuable insights and techniques for mastering the art of translating English abstracts.
Introduction:
English abstracts play a crucial role in academic and scientific research, as they provide a concise summary of the main findings and implications of a study. Accurate translation of these abstracts is essential for enabling researchers and scholars from diverse linguistic backgrounds to access and understand the research.
1. Develop Linguistic Proficiency:
To effectively translate English abstracts, it is crucial to have a high level of proficiency in both the source and target languages. Improve your language skills through extensive reading, writing, and listening practice. Familiarize yourself with the nuances, idiomatic expressions, and grammatical structures of both languages.
2. Understand the Research Context:
Abstracts are written within a specific research context, and translators must understand the subject matter and research methodology involved. Familiarize yourself with the terminology, concepts, and theories relevant to the study. This understanding will enable you to accurately convey the original meaning in the target language.
3. Adapt to the Target Audience:
Consider the target audience when translating abstracts. Adapt the style and tone of the translation to suit the expectations and conventions of the target language's academic or scientific community. Use appropriate language register and ensure that the translated abstract is accessible and engaging to the readers.
4. Utilize Translation Resources:
Make use of various translation resources to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the translation process. Online dictionaries, specialized glossaries, and translation memory tools can be valuable aids. Engage in continuous professional development by staying updated with the latest research and translation techniques.
5. Collaborate and Seek Feedback:
Translation is an iterative process, and collaboration with colleagues and subject matter experts can greatly improve the quality of the translation. Seek feedback from native speakers or professionals proficient in the target language. Their insights and suggestions can help refine the translation and ensure its accuracy and clarity.
Conclusion:
Translating English abstracts requires a combination of linguistic proficiency, subject matter knowledge, and effective communication skills. By mastering the techniques outlined in this article, translators can successfully convey the essence of the original abstract, enabling global access to valuable research findings.
英文摘要翻译技巧 篇三
英文摘要翻译技巧
在论文的翻译过程中，我们最基本的要求便是能让别人明白和了解你的论文内容。而摘要作为一篇论文的内容核心，我们在对论文摘要翻译的时候有哪些技巧呢?
医学论文英文翻译技巧
作为一种科技翻译，论文摘要的译文一定要准确、明白、简练，翻译时一定要注意原语和目的语的不同特点，译文才不会因晦涩难懂而失去其传播的价值。
在翻译医学科技论文摘要时要特别注意英汉语言的对比差异，使译文通顺可读。
一、形合与意合(H 
英语重形合，而汉语重意合。
形合指句中的词语或分句之间要用语言形式手段连接起来，英语有大量的连接词将不同成分连接起来。
即使看上去很复杂很混乱的句子，只要仔细分析，句子中的主、谓、宾、定、状、补都可以通过连接词的位置和功能判断出来。
英语的连接词不仅仅是连词，还包括关系代词、关系副词、介词、动词的分词形式，等等。
意合指词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，汉语很少使用连接词，句子之间的成分依据意义来判断，顺序按逻辑关系而定。
英文摘要虽然短小，但它是一个相对独立的篇章，必须具有结构上的衔接性(Cohesion)和逻辑上的连贯性(Coherence)。
哈桑(Hasan)曾说过：“Cohesion is the foundation upon which the edifice ofcoherence is built(衔接是建筑连贯大厦的基石)”没有衔接这个基石，语篇便不成为语篇。
西安医科大学王红孝在他的医学英语硕士论文中对150篇英语医学文摘的衔接手段进行调查，发现英语医学文摘最常用的衔接手段为词汇衔接(Lexical Cohe-sion)。
词汇衔接主要是词汇的重复，其次是照应，包括用人称代词it，they，them，we;指示代词this，that，these等。
常用的逻辑纽带，有表示对比转折的while，however;表示顺序的first，sec-ond，finally等。
另外，非谓语动词结构、介词结构、关系从句、替代、省略等也较常见。
衔接手段运用得当，可使文摘自然、流畅、
层次清楚、舒展自如。
二、聚集与流散(Compact vs.Diffusive)
英语句法和汉语句法有一些共性，如主谓宾、主谓表等简单句的顺序基本一样。
但是，英语句子有严谨的主谓结构，主次分明，前呼后应，句式呈“集散型”;汉语句子不受形态约束，主谓结构具有多样性、复杂性和灵活性，因而句式呈“流散型”。
医学论文摘要一般有一定的格式,主要可分为传统式摘要和结构式摘要两种,各自在结构、格式、分段、顺序等方面有一定的规律,当然也决不是一成不变的,不同的杂志各有其编排和投稿的具体要求。
1 结构式摘要简介
结构式摘要包括研究目的(purpose或objective)、方法(method)、结果(result)和结论(conclusion)四要素,字数一般在200~500字,要求简练、概括地归纳和提炼研究成果和实验结果,阐明论文的基本问题,重点放在与研究有关的内容和结论上,把论文的精华介绍给读者,并用恰当、合适的英语表达出来,使人对论文的全文有一个清晰的了解。
结构式摘要与传统式摘要相比,有明显的优越性:信息量大,叙述具体、明确,层次清楚,便于写作、阅读和专家审稿,也有利于文献的加工和整理。
在当今信息爆炸的时代,医学论文和医学期刊成倍增长,医务工作者都想用最短的时间了解和掌握尽可能多的、有价值的科技文献和信息或通过阅读摘要进行筛选,确定对本人最有价值的论文,因此结构式摘要的应用正被逐步推广。
2 时态
撰写医学论文结构式摘要所采用的时态主要有一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时,具体采用何种时态,须依据摘要所表达的意思而定,力求正确。
2.1 一般现在时 主要用于介绍文章的目的、内容和结论,介绍目的时,常用不定式来表达。
例:本文的目的.在于突出放疗的重要性。
译:The purpose of this article is to emphasizethe importance of radiation therapy.
2.2 一般过去时 在结构式摘要中用得最广泛,撰写论文时,研究工作业已结束,研究过程已成为过去,因此,在方法与结果这两项内容中一般均采用过去时来表达,而且对研究对程中所进行的活动进行描述时也用一般过去时。
例:分析了89例早期肝癌的治疗结果。
译:The results of treatment of early liver cancerwere analyzed in 89 patients.
不过,若对实验结果进行分析和讨论,用现在时还是用过去时,应视具体情况而定:若讨论的是研究过程中所发现的具体情况,用过去时;若讨论的是一个实事,用现在时。
对研究成果的总结具有普遍性,用现在时;不具有普遍性,用过去时。
2.3 现在完成时 用于说明论题的发展背景,表示持续到撰写论文时的行为或状态,或表示动作已完成。
例:从发病时起,对病人随访了三年。
译:The patients have been followed for 3 yearssince the beginning of their disease.
3 被动语态
英汉相比,英语多用被动语态,在医学英语中被动语态使用得尤其广泛,翻译摘要时,往往采用第三人称的被动语态,这样可避免提及有关的执行者,句子的容量增加,重心后移,表达更具有英语味,行文也更显得客观,使读者的注意力集中在描述的事物、现象或过程上,而且被动语态在结构上有较大的调节余地,利于采用必要的修辞手段和突出重要的概念、问题、事实、结论等内容,利于扩展名词短语,扩大句子的信息量。
因此,翻译时若省去动作的执行者,强调动作的承受者,或者为了语篇的需要,均宜采用被动语态。
不过,在某些特殊情况下,采用主动语态比被动语态在结构上更简练,表达更直接有力,选用何种语态,有时要视具体上下文作决定。
例:很久以来,人们就已知道适量的抗坏血酸盐对创伤的充分愈合和对增强细菌感染的防御机制是极为必要的。
译: It has long been known that adequateamount of ascorbate areessential for the proper hea-ling of wounds and to enhance the defensive me-chanisms against bacterial infection.
4 转换思维模式
英汉语的思维模式存在差异,有时甚至大相径庭,翻译时需注意逻辑思维上的差异,用英语的思维方式地道转达内涵,不可照汉语方式字字对译。
照字面译,常不合英语习惯,有时还令人困惑不解。
欧化的汉译文,诘屈聱牙,中国读者读了感到头痛,反之,若按汉语方式照搬,汉化的英文,外国同行也势必难以理解,因此,翻译时决不可生搬硬套或囿于原文字词的语法和字面意义,必须改变中文的模式,才不会出现汉语式英语(Chinglish)。
例1:病人牙痛得历害。
译:The patient’ s teeth pained seriously. (错误)。
又译:The patient had a terrible toothache.(正确)。
医学专业人员对英语应用不够熟练,对摘要的英文写作或翻译常达不到比较标准的水平,尚存在一些原则性问题,因此,应谨而慎之。
