染雾高考英语语法复习材料 篇一
1. 时态
时态是英语语法中最基础、最重要的部分之一。它用于表示动作发生的时间。主要的时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时等。正确运用时态可以帮助我们准确地表达过去、现在和将来的动作。
2. 主谓一致
主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。主要有以下几种情况：单数主语用单数谓语动词，复数主语用复数谓语动词，以及用于第三人称单数主语的一般现在时动词要加-s或-es。
3. 语态
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的构成是由be动词加上动词的过去分词形式。
4. 定语从句
定语从句是指用来修饰名词或代词的从句。它通常由关系代词who, whom, whose, which或关系副词when, where, why引导。定语从句的位置可以放在被修饰的名词前面或者后面。
5. 并列连词
并列连词用于连接两个相同重要的句子或短语。主要的并列连词有and, but, or, so, for, yet等。使用并列连词可以使句子结构更加丰富多样，表达更加准确。
高考英语语法复习材料 篇二
1. 倒装句
倒装句是指把谓语动词放在主语之前的句子。主要有两种情况：完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装是将整个谓语动词移到主语之前，部分倒装是将助动词或情态动词移到主语之前。
2. 直接引语和间接引语
直接引语是指直接引用别人的话，用引号括起来。间接引语是指转述别人的话，不用引号括起来。在转述时要注意动词的时态、人称和转述的方式。
3. 并列句和复合句
并列句是指由两个或多个相互独立的句子通过并列连词连接而成。复合句是指由一个主句和一个或多个从句连接而成。在使用并列句和复合句时，要注意句子之间的逻辑关系和连接词的使用。
4. 名词性从句
名词性从句是指在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句。主要有三种类型：主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。名词性从句的引导词有that, whether, who, whom, whose, which等。
5. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用于表示两个或多个事物之间的比较。比较级用于两个事物的比较，最高级用于三个或三个以上事物的比较。比较级的构成是在形容词或副词前加-er，最高级的构成是在形容词或副词前加-est，或者在前面加most或least。
高考英语语法复习材料 篇三
高考英语语法复习材料一、 单选（共125题）
1. “I don’t like to travel.” “Have you ever _____ in an airplane?”
a. flying b. flew c. flowed d. flown
2. The center of gravity of the human body ______ behind his joint.
a. located b. locating c. to locate d. is located
3. “Today is very cold, isn’t it?” “Yes, the river is _____ over.”
a. freezed b. freeze c. frozen d. freezing
4. “What happened in that new area?” “New houses ______ recently over there.”
a. are built b. build c. have built d. have been built
5. “When did you go to work?” “As soon as they came, we ______ to work.”
a. went b. were going c. had gone d. go
6. “Did you wait for him very long?” “Yes, I ______ to bed until five in the morning.”
a. did go b. didn’t go c. had gone d. went
7. Perhaps it will be a long time ______ from abroad.
a. when Tom comes back b. when Tom will come back
c. before Tom comes back d. that Tom comes back
8.Tom ______ mathematics throughout his college life.
a. bored b. bored with c. was bored d. was bored with
9.______ that dress when I first saw you at the station?
a. Were you wearing b. Have you worn
c. Did you wear d. Do you wear
10.Mr Wu ______ to work by bus every day.
a. has been traveling b. has traveled c. travels d. is traveling
11.Don’t disturb him. He ______ to the weather forecast.
a. listens b. is being listened c. has listened d. is listening
12. My English teacher ______ my test.
a. has not yet graded b. has not yet been graded
c. is not yet to be graded d. is not yet graded
13. We ______ on it for many hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.
a. are being worked b. are working
c. have been working d. have been worked
14. Shanghai ______ on the Huangpu River.
a. stand b. stands c. is being stand d. has stood
15. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We ______ our essays now.”
a. write b. have been writing c. are writing d. have written
16. “______ your best? It’s not satisfactory. I’m afraid you will have to do it again.”
a. Do you try b. Have you tried c. Are you trying d. Have you been trying
17. Chinese married couple _____ red packets to children and the unmarried during the Chinese new Year.
a. give b. have been giving c. are giving d. have given
18.My uncle, Sam,______ manager of the firm.
a. has just made b. is just being made
c. has just been made d. is just made
19.This is the first time the students ______ to Hyde Park.
a. have gone b. have been gone
c. have been going d. are being gone
20.She ______ her mother’s work since she was admitted into hospital.
a. is doing b. has been doing
c. has done d. has been done
21.I ______ the incident as if it were yesterday.
a. am still to remember b. have still been remembering
c. am being still remembered d. still remember
22.I ______ swimming in the river and I always _____ to swim when I can.
a. am liking/have gone b. am being liked/am going
c. like/go d. have liked/have been going
23.We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents ______ since last winter.
a. occur b. have occurred
c. have been occurring d. are occurring
24.He _____ on this essay for twenty minutes but he _____ only a hundred words.
a. has been working/has written b. is working/writes
b. has worked/has been writing d. works/is writing
25.Elections _______ every four years and Congress meets once a year.
a. are taken place b. are to be taken place
c. took place d. take place
26.______ careless, or you will make mistakes.
a.Be not b. Not be c. Don’t d. Don’t be
27.The No.8 bus ______ to Chengdu college of Geology, and not to Sichuan University.
a. are gone b. is being gone c. goes d. are going
28.Oil, exported from Iran to Europe, _____ by tankers.
a. used to be transported/have been built up
b. used to being transported/have built up
c. was used to be transported/had been built up
d. was used to being transported/will be built up
29.If it ______,the match will be postponed.
a. has been rained b. does rain c. rains d. is rained
30.As soon as I ______ the tools, I shall begin with the work.
a. have b. am having c. have been having d. have been had
31.Once you ______ the knack of it, you will have no further difficulty.
a. shall have b. had had c. are having d. have
32.Every time he ______ me, he is rude to me.
a. will see b. sees c. is seeing d. is seen
33.John told Mary that he ______ what he was doing during the vacation.
a. was just asked b. was just asking c. had just been asked d. had just asked
34.Now that you _______ , what are you going to do?
a. are being returned b. have been returning
c. have been returned d. have returned
35.I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I ______ there ever since.
a. was b. had been c. will be d. have been
36.Everything on the earth ______ all the time.
a. is changing b. is changed c. has changed d. has been changed
37.We ______ fine weather for the past few days.
a. have b. are having c. have been had d. have been having
38.It ______ every day so far this month.
a. is raining b. rains c. has rained d. has been rained
39.no one can prove that the earth ______ not round.
a. is being b. is to be c. is d. has been
40.“There she ______!We needn’t wait any longer.”
a. comes b. has been come c. has been coming d. is to come
41.The little girl ______ by the drug-pusher to carry drugs into the country.
a. was made use b. was made used
c. was made use of d. was made used of
42.I shall tell you what he ______ at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
a. had done b. would do
c. was doing d. had been done
43.By the end of last year they ______ 1,000 machines.
a. turned out b. had turned out
c. would turn out d. had been turned out
44.He was sixty-eight. In two years he ______ seventy.
a. would be b. was c. had been d. was being
45.How long ago ______ playing football?
a. had you stopped b. would you stop c. did you stop d. were you stopping
46.Up till then we ______ half the distance.
a. had only covered b. covered
c. would only cover d. would be only covered
47.While I ______ television, the door bell ______.
a. watched/would ring b. would watch/had rung
b. was watching/rang d. had been watched/was ringing
48.They ______ with us for the time being.
a. would stay b. will stay
c. have been staying d. will be staying
49.I never dreamed I ______ here discussing state affairs with the other deputies.
a. will be sitting b. would be sitting
c. will have been sitting d. would have been sitting
50.John told us that by the end of the year they ______ together for thirty years.
a. would have been living b. would have lived
c. would have been lived d. will have been living
51.The new type of machine ______ the year after next.
a. is going to turn out b. is going to being turned out
c. is going to have turned out d. is going to be turned out
52.Large sums of money ______ each year in painting the steelwork of bridges, ships, and other exposed structures.
a. have spent b. have to be spent c. have to spend d. spend
53.The police ______ in what the informer reported.
a. interested b. had interested
c. were interesting d. were interested
54.A candidate for the post ______ at the moment.
a. is interviewing b. being interviewing
c. interviewing d. is being interviewed
55.By the end of last year the railway ______.
a. was being completed b. would be completed
b. had been completed d. had completed
56.I ______ to visit their country before long.
a. have been invited b. am being invited
c. had been invited d. shall be invited
57.Theory ______ with practice.
a. must be combining b. must combine
c. must have been combined d. must be combined
58.He said such a thing ______ to happen.
a. ought to be not allowed b. ought not to be allowing
b. ought not to have allowed d. ought not to be allowed
59.She told me that her proposal ______.
a. needed to take into consideration
b. needed to be taken into consideration
c. needed to be taking into consideration
d. needed to have taken into consideration
60.The school authorities and the teachers ______ over the advantages of the demerit system.
a. were always argued b. were always arguing
c. had always had argued d. had always been argued
61.He fulfilled the plan earlier than he ______.
a. had expected b. expecting
c. should expect d. would expect
62.______ when the bell rang.
a. Hardly would he reach school b. Hardly had he reached school
c. Hardly he reached school d. Hardly he was reaching school
63.We were determined not to do it unless Julie ______ it, too.
a. had done b. was doing c. was done d. did
64.They were sure they ______ final victory.
a. were won b. would be won c. would win d. had been won
65.When ______ to give us an answer?
a. will you be able b. will you have been able
c. will you able d. will you have abled
66.We ______ on the project by the end of next week.
a. shall have finished to work b. shall finish to work
c. shall have finished working d. shall finish working
67.He ______ for six years by the time he takes his examination.
a. shall have finished to work b. shall finish to work
b. shall have finished working d. shall finish working
68.I promise you that I ______ you a present next week.
a. will give b. will have given
c. shall give d. shall have given
69.I hope that she ______ to the demands of the naughty boys.
a. will not have agreed b. will not be agreed
c. will not agree d. will not have been agreed
70.In the long run your money ______ in bonds.
a. was more safely invested b. is more safely invested
b. will be more safely invested d. are more safely invested
71.Mr.Wilson asked me if these islands ______ to Japan.
a. belong b. are belonging
c. are belonged d. have been belonged
72.Before the end of the nineties, air pollution ______ a serious problem that endangers the health of the human race.
a. will be become b. will become
c. will have become d. will have been become
73.The train ______ at eight tonight.
a. will be started b. will have started
c. shall be started d. starts
74.We ______ an English evening tonight.
a. are being having b. are having
c. will be had d. shall be had
75.They ______ for Beijing for practice.
a. are leaving b. are being left
c. will have left d. will be left
76._____ me or aren’t you?
a. Will you help b. Shall you help
c. Are you going to help d. Will you have helped
77.A new power station ______ there.
a. will be going to build b. is going to be built
c. will be gone to build d. is gone to be built
78.______ a meeting this afternoon.
a. There going to be b. There will be going to be
b. There is going to be d. There will going to be
79.We ______ a new experiment this afternoon.
a. shall be to perform b. will be to perform
c. are to be performed d. are to perform
80.The government _____ to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections.
a. is going b. had been c. was about d. is coming
81.You ought to _____ a test in physics the day before, I think.
a. have taken b. take c. be taken d. be taking
82.Kepler proved that the sun ______ the center of the solar system.
a. is b. was c. had been d. would be
83.This is one of the best novels that ______ this year.
a. appears b. is appearing c. has appeared d. have appeared
84.My friend ______ here last week, but he couldn’t.
a. was to have come b. must have come
c. came d. had to come
85.He did not arrive until the meeting was nearly over, for the simple reason is that he _____ asleep while watching television.
a. had fallen b. has fallen c. fell d. was falling
86.We had hardly sat down when she ______ plates of food for us
a. brought b. has brought
c. had brought d. was bringing
87.A friend of mine returned to his house after a holiday ,only to find it ______.
a. be broken into b. was broken into
c. had broken into d. had been broken into
88.“What were you doing when Anna phoned you?”
“I had just finished my work and ______ to take a bath.”
a. starting b. to start c. have started d. was starting
89.“Have you gone to see the doctor?”
“No, but ______.”
a. I go b. I am going to see
c. I go to see d. I’m going to
90.Each time you look at an object, you ______ a picture.
a. took b. are taking c. take d. have taken
91.Water pipes ______ rusty after a period of use.
a. become b. is becoming c. are become d. were become
92.This foreign scientist ______ in our college for fifteen years and does not want to leave.
a. worked b. is working c. works d. has been working
93.______ to have dinner with us tonight?
a. Will you like b. Do you like
c. Wouldn’t you like d. Won’t you like
94.What I was uncertain about ______ whether they could overcome the difficulties.
a. is b. will be c. had been d. was
95.“Certainly,______ him about something else in any case, so it won’t be any bother.”
a. I’ll see b. I see c. I can see d. I’ll be seeing
96.By the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain.
a. we’ll learnt b. we are learning
c. we have learnt d. we’ll have learnt
97.All the machines ______ by the end of the following week.
a. were repaired b. would be repaired
c. will have been repaired d. were being repair
98.He will come to call one you the moment he ______ his work.
a. will finish b. finishes c. had finished d. finished
99.I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her in case ________.
a. she’ll b. she is c. she does d. she would
100.“I wish that your sister would come to visit me.”
“Well, I’ll tell her when I ______ her.”
a. see b. saw c. well see d. would see
101．The sun is bigger than the moon, _______ we all know it．
A．and B．as C．which D．that
102．--- May I go and play with Mike this afternoon, Mum?
--- No．You can't go out ______ your homework is being done．
A．before B．as C．until D．after
103．Alice was ____ girl to express herself．
A．a much too shy B．too much shy a
C．so shy a D．much too shy a
104．He agreed, ____ the money and gave it to his friend．
A．took B．taking
C．taken D．having taken
105．What do you imagine _____ to her?
A．happening B．has happened
C．was happened D．has been happened
106．--- Don't you regret paying 20dollars for the sweater?
--- No, I would gladly have paid ____ for it．
A．less B．as little as possible
C．twice as less D．twice as much
107．I was ____ for Macao last Friday, but I changed my mind．
A．to leave B．to have left
C．about to leave D．to be leaving
108．--- The thread of my kite broke and it flew away
--- I told you it would break easily ____ it was weakest．
A．where B．because C．that D．in which
109．It is quite ____ that they live in _____ building in the street．
A．sure/a B．sure/certain
C．certain/certain D．certain/some
110．--- Would you like me to come to see you?
--- ____! It would give me much pleasure．
A．Quite B．Rather C．Very D．Fairly
111．____ friends Joan had made there were all invited to her birthday party．
A．Few B．A few C．The few D．Few of
112．Philip was among the first to settle in ____ is now St．Louis, Missouri．
A．the place B．where C．finally D．what
113．--- What's the matter with John?
--- He didn't pass the test but he still hopes ____．
A．so B．to C．it D．that
114．--- Ann acts quite unfriendly．
--- I think she is ____ than unfriendly．
A．shyer B．shier
C．more shy rather D．more shy
115．Neptune is about thirty times as far from the sun ____．
A．as is the earth B．as from the earth
C．as the earth is far D．like the earth
116．It is such a modern machine ____ few of the workers know how to operate．
A．which B．that C．as D．the one
117．The old lady must be ____ over eighty．
A．much B．very C．well D．more
118．The director told the visitors that very little ____ was made of the waster water．
A．cost B．value C．matter D．use
119．It was ten o'clock ____ I went to bed．
A．when B．that C．which D．since
120．His teacher ____ he ____ bright and ____ he was worth teaching．
A．thought/wasn't/that B．didn't think/was/不填
C．thought/wasn't/不填 D．didn't think/was/that
121．- I was busy．
- Did you really work hard ________?
A．all the day B．all day
C．all the day long D．all of day long
122．When I sat down, I found the book ________ on the table．
A．lying opened B．lay open C．laying open D．laid opened
123．The Smiths told Jack that they ________ buy a new car the next morning．
A．went to B．would be going to
C．were going to D．had gone to
124．- Is he an excellent singer?
- Yes．He is ________ of a singer．
A．somebody B．anyone C．something D．anything
125．This is the same pen ________ I lost yesterday．It is a birthday present from my sister．
A．as B．that C．what D．when
二、完型（共1题）
In the past few years telephones in cars have become increasingly popular in the United States. Police say people with car phones are 1 crimes（犯罪）they see and 2 catch criminals（罪犯）.
In the southern state of Florida, more than 125,000 people have 3 in their cars. One evening as he arrived home, a car phone 4 saw two people he didn't know 5 the house next door. He called the police on his car phone and 6 the strangers in his 7 . Police caught the two men. A woman in another city of Florida 8 a man shouting at another man during a robbery（抢劫）. She used her car phone to call the police and followed the gunman as he fled in a 9 . She told the police 10 he was driving. With her 11 , the police stopped the man and caught him.
Many people use their car phones to 12 other drivers who seem to have had too much wine. They also report 13 . This helps doctors and nurses get an accident 14 to save the
15 . All these car telephones are like having many more sets of 16 and ears on the road. They help the police to do their jobs 17 . Car phones also help drivers find the best 18 to get to the place. In some Florida cities, car phone owners can make free 19 to radio stations to report when roads become blocked by accidents or too many cars. The stations then broadcast 20 to their drivers to find different roads to use.
1. A. expressing B. shown C. reporting D. exhibited
2. A. help B. could C. let D. made
3. A. radios B. cameras C. phones D. television
4. A. Maker B. Owner C. seller D. thief
5. A. stealing B. Robbing C. leaving D. reaching
6. A. Searched B. Shot C. caught D. followed
7. A. Phone B. car C. seat D. house
8. A. Saw B. heard C. knew D. watched
9. A. House B. car C. room D. carriage
10. A. when B. as C. where D. how
11. A. information B. phone C. news D. message
12. A. suggest B. stop C. warn D. report
13. A. incidents B. problems C. accidents D. affairs
14. A. safety B. right C. straight D. sooner
15. A. wounded B. driver C. passenger D. police
16. A. eyes B. noses C. machines D. tools
17. A. Correctly B. better C. well D. immediately
18. A. direction B. way C. car D. road
19. A. seats B. tax C. calls D. talks
20. A. warning B. music C. programs D. songs
三、阅读（共2题）
(A)
A boy was driven mad（疯了）when he heard that he finally passed the college entrance exam on his third try, the Liaoshen Evening News reports.
Sun Hongjun, of Kuandian, Liaoning, had set his mind on attending college since he was young. He has always been a top student since primary school（小学）, and everyone believed that he would be certain to succeed.
Failing twice, Sun was afraid of showing his face. But, encouraged by his parents, he made a third try.
But on the day his result came in, he was too frightened to find out. So he begged his father to go for him. When his father came back and told him the good news, he fell senseless to the ground. Then suddenly he made a loud, deep sound, "I did it!" and ran away quickly and madly out of the door. He couldn't stop himself from laughing and singing---he was obviously mad.
Experts in neurology（神经病学）said that his nervous system（系统）had become imbalanced because of the sudden experiment after long-time oppression. They say that he can be cured except that it will be a while before he can continue schooling.
1. Sun Hongjun was believed to be sure to succeed because he ______
A. made up his mind to go to college as a child
B. had been eager to attend college since he was very young
C. was a top student at primary school
D. had always done well in the examination
2. Which of the following can explain why Sun, a top student, failed twice?
A. It's well-known to all that something unexpected may happen any time.
B. He was too frightened to finish his examination papers.
C. His nervous system had become imbalanced as doctors pronounced.
D. He fell senseless to the ground in the examination hall.
(B)
A woman was collecting money for a church charity. The money she collected was going to be given to poor children who had no parents to take care of them.
She went from house to house. She knocked on doors and asked for money. She always said the same thing. "Good morning. I'm collecting for a church charity. Please give generously（慷慨地）. We need $500." Then she held out a collecting box. Most people put a few coins in the box.
One day the woman came to an artist's house. The artist thought for a moment, then he said," I'm sorry, but I don't have any money. However, I'll give you a painting. It's worth $400." The woman thanked him and took the painting away.
Several days later she called on him again. “I'm sorry to trouble you again,” she said, “but we still need more money. I need another $100. Can you help me?" "Of course," the artist said,
“I'll increase the value of my painting to $500.”
3. Who was the woman collecting money for?
A. Her friends. B. Herself. C. Poor children. D. A church.
4. What did the artist give the woman?
A. a box of coins B. a painting C. nothing D. a check
5. What did most people give the woman?
A. A little money. B. A lot of money. C. A few dollars. D. Generous gifts.
6. From the story, we can infer that a church charity is ________.
A. a place where people go to pray（祈祷） B. A collection of things shown publicly
C. a person who lives by begging D. a society for helping the poor
7. How did the artist help the woman to get another $100?
A. He told her to add $100 to the value of his painting.
B. He gave her some more money.
C. He gave her another painting.
D. He gave her a more valuable painting
四、学法指导
名词性从句
【概述】
名词从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句。名词性从句均不能用逗号与句子的其他成份隔断，从句中的主谓语不能用倒装语序。
引导词有：连接词that, if, whether,;疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等。从属连词that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；whether（if）虽有词义，但在从句中也不担任成分。
1，主语从句
主语从句做主句的主语。如：
What we have done is in the interest of the people.
1) 引导主语从句的词有：
连词：that, whether
代词：what, who, which
副词：when, where, how, why
例如：
That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
Whether he will come or not is not yet known
Who will go is not important.
What we need is more practice.
Whoever is here gets a prize.
Whatever I have done is only for you.
When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided.
Why he failed the physics exam wasn't clear.
Where he has been is still a puzzle.
How Thomas Edison became a great inventor is known to all.
2）it做形式主语
由于主语从句位于句首，句子常显得笨重，因此常把它移至句子后部，句首用引导词it来作形式主语。如：
It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.
It's reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident.
It doesn't matter whether he'll come or not.
It happened that I didn't take any money with me.
It seems that our football team will win the match.
2，表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：The question is whether she can speak English.
1) 引导表语从句的词有：
连词：that, whether, as if
代词：what, who, which
副词：when, where, how, why
例如：
That is what we need.
The problem was who could do the work.
That is where he was born.
This is how she did it.
That is why he was late.
The trouble is that she has lost his address.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
3，宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
I wonder who he is.
He is sorry for what he has done.
1）引导宾语从句的词有：
连词：that, whether, if
代词：who, whose, what, which
副词：when, where, how, why
例如：
I think (that)watching TV too much is bad for people's health.
I wonder if you can do me a favour.
I wonder what has happened to her.
I don't know which school he is in.
Do you know who has taken my dictionary away.
He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
I wonder why she refused my invention.
Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?
Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong?
Would you please tell me how I can finish the work in the shortest possible time.
Tom is a nice boy, except that he is sometimes late for school.
It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not.
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.
I'm sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
We are glad that our football team has won the match.
I am anxious that he will be able to pass the exam.
2) that的省略
A．在口语及非正式文体中，that常省略。如：
I'm afraid (that)I can't accept your invitation.
B．that不能省略的情况：
一、句中的动词后接两个或两个以上的that从句作宾语时，第一个that可省，但后面的that 不可省。如：
He said (that) he couldn’t tell you right away and that you wouldn’t understand.
二、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。如：
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
三、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。如：
I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.
四、当that宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时，that 不可省。如
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practicing spoken English.
I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.
3) 宾语从句的时态
一、主句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词可以用任何所需要的时态。
He says his father is/was a teacher.
I’m sure that you’ll succeed.
二、主句谓语动词是过去时态，从句谓语动词一般须用过去时。
I thought he studied hard.
He said he was watching TV.
They didn’t know when they would go to Beijing.
She said she had finished the work..
注：从句如果与某一具体的过去时间状语连用，尽管其谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，仍用一般过去时。
She told me that her father died in 1991.
三、从句所说明的是一般真理或客观事实，即使主句用过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。
The teacher told the students that the computer is a wonderful machine.
4，同位语从句
在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
1）可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如：
l've come from Mr wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon．
我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
2）引导同位语从句的词有
连词 that，whether
连接副词 how,when,where等。如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
【重点难点点拨】
1，名词性从句的语序
名词性从句在句子中，除了关联词在从句之首外，其它部分则和陈述句语序相同，而同学们在学习中最容易把它当成疑问句语序，特别是以wh-引起的名词性从句。如：
（1）We don't know when will she come.(误)
We don't know when she'll come. (正)
（2）How will the book sell depends on its writer. (误)
How the book will sell depends on its writer. (正)
（3）Who the accident caused is a complete mystery.(误)
Who caused the accident is a complete mystery. (正)
第3句的who 作从句的主语。
2，名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用
1) 在动词suggest，insist，order，advise， require，desire等后的宾语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气。例如：
The teacher suggested we（should）carry out the experiment in time．
I insisted that you（should）be there on time．
注：当suggest表“暗示、表明”，insist表“坚持认为”时，用陈述语气。如：
His pale face suggested that he was ill．
He insisted that he heard someone in the next room．
2）在advice，suggestion，order等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，也应用虚拟语气。如：
His advice is that we（should）go to the cinema tonight． （表语从句）
The order that the work（should）be started at once has been given．（同位语从句）
3，Whether 与 If 的使用
whether与if在高中英语出现得比较多，但多数同学仍对他们的使用不甚了解，尤其在一些练习题的选项里同时出现，大多数同学经常选错。现将whether与if 的用法分析归纳如下：
1）Whether与if的相同点
一、whether与if均可引导宾语从句，二者可替换。如：
I asked the teacher whether／if it was true．我问老师这是否是真的。
二、whether与if都可引导主语从句，whether从句可放在句首或句末；而if从句一般放在句末。如：whether they wi11 come is unknown．＝It is unknown whether／if they'll come. 他们是否会来还不知道。
三、在be + 形容词之后，如：
He was not sure whether(if) it is right or wrong.
2）只用whether，不用if的情况
一、引导表语从句。如：
The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。
二、引导同位语从句。如：
The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.
这个问题是否正确还没讨论。
we ought to discuss the question carefully whether we'll attend the meeting or not
我们应该认真讨论一下，我们是否参加会议的问题。
三、用作介词宾语（介词往往可以省略）。如：
It all depends on whether they'll help us. 这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。
四、和不定式连用。如：
Please tell me whether to go there. 请告诉我是否去
五、与or not连用，引导状语从句，表示"不管与否"、"不论与否"之意。如：
The meal will be ready for her whether she comes or not．不论她来不来，把饭给她准备好。
六、与or连用，构成句型"whether...or…"意为"不管……还是……"。如：
Whether he will come himself or send a person is unimportant。
不管是他本人来还是派人来并不重要。
七、宾语从句位于句首(起强调作用)时。如：
whether they can help us，I don't know yet． 他能不能帮我们，我还不知道。
八、在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether和if都可用，否则，只用whether 如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
It hasn't been decided whether(if) we shall attend the meeting.
九、引导让步状语从句，只能用whether。如：
Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
十、 用if 引起歧义时。如：
Please let me know if you like it.
（请告诉我你是否喜欢。/ 如果你喜欢，请告诉我。）
若用whether就不会有第一层意思。
3）只用if不用whether的情况
引导否定形式的宾语从句。如：
I don't care if he doesn't come．他来不来我不在意。
4，what与that的区别
1）在名词性从句中what可以作主语、宾语或表语，这时what具有两个含义：
a．保留疑问，即“什么”的意义；
b．相当于all／everything，常译成“……的（东西／事）”。如：
Can you tell me what your name is？你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？
What she wants to know is which dress she should buy．她想知道的是她应买哪件衣服。
2）在名词性从句中that只是一种说明性连接词，它在从句中不作任何句子成分，也无任何意义。如：
That the earth turns around the sun is known to all．
The trouble is that he has never done the work before．
3）在名词性从句的引导词中只有 that，而且是只有在引导宾语从句时才可以省略。如：
I think（that）watching TV too much is bad for one's health．
5，wh-疑问词与“疑问词＋ever”的区别
what等连接代词或副词常只保留本身疑问的含义；而whatever等连接代词或副词则主要用以加强语气。如：
Who can work out this problem is not known．谁能解出这道题，目前还不清楚。
Whoever can work out this problem will be praised．任何一个能解出这道题的人都会受到表扬
附录：
答案（2006.2）
一、单选
（1-100）ddcda bcdac dacbc bacab dcbad dcaca dbcdd
adcca ccbac acdba dbddc dddbb abdca cbacc acdba cbcdc aadaa adddb adcdd dcbba
（101-125）101．答案A。 用and是顺接连接，将两个并列的句子连接起来。此处用which和as 都不可以，因为它们引导定语从句时，应去掉know后面的it．
102．答案B。 此处as表示因为，而until, before和after引导状语从句时，一般不用现在进行时。
103．答案D。 此句是too…to句型，没有so…to这类结构，另外冠词a, 不放在too或so的前面。可说too shy a girl 或so shy a girl that…
104．答案A。 表示一个人连续而不是同时做几个动作，都用过去式。
105．答案B。 应将do you imagine 看作插入结构，去掉它就成了What has happened to her?
106．答案D。 首先明确答话者并不后悔，这样就好确定后面的答案了。他宁愿付这个价钱的两倍。而A、B、C三个答案都表示少。
107．答案B。 I was to have left意为I would have left, 表示本要去而没去，这和下文变了主意是一致的。
108．答案A。 where在这里引导的是一个表示地点的状语从句，也就是在线最脆弱处折断。in which 不可以，它在此处引导定语从句的话应有先行词。
109．答案D。 sure 一般用人作主语，而certain则人或物皆可，some building 表示某个建筑，如用certain则应说a certain building。
110．答案B。 依据前边would来判断，用rather来答，表示很愿意。而quite, very, fairly都不能作单步句。
111．答案C。 few 前加the是因为friends后有限制性定语，即Joan在那里交下的朋友。
112．答案D。 此处what引导的是一个名词性从句，作介词的宾语。因为原句缺主语，故只能用what, 而不能用where。
113．答案B。 hopes to是省略，完整的句子应为hopes to pass the test, 省略不定式时，不定式符号to不可省去。另外，不用hope so, 是因为前边为否定句。
114．答案D。 more shy than unfriendly意为不是不友好，主要还是害羞。shy在作表语时，比较级一般用more shy．
115．答案B。 as far as 远至…，as far…as后接相同的成分。所以选B。
116．答案C。 前边有such, 后边只可以接as或that。又因为operate缺宾语，所以选as, as相当于一个定语从句的关 系代词。
117．答案C。 well over eighty 大大高于八十，此处不用much或more。
118．答案D。 make little use of是没有利用之意，此句是这个词组的被动式，将use作了主语。
119．答案A。 如选that, 则应在ten o'clock 前边加上at, 那就构成了强调句型。没有at, 不是完整的时间状语。
120．答案D。 首先注意think后边从句的否定要放在think之前。另外，think后接两个宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，但第二个必须带上。
121．答案B。 整天，可以说all day, 也可以说all day long, 而A、C、D那三种说法都不可以。
122．答案B。 此句可看作find+从句结构。open在表示状态时，不加ed, 因为它是形容词。而opened则表示一时的动作。
123．答案C。 句尾有the next morning 应用过去将来时。A、D的时态不对。would be going to do, 没有这种结构。
124．答案C。 something of a singer．意为在某种程度上真算个歌手。
125．答案B。 the same…that表示这枝笔与所丢笔是同一枝笔。但the same…as则不是同一个，仅仅是相同种类的。
二、完型
1----5 CACBC 6----10 DBBBC
11----15 ACCCA 16----20 ADDCC
三、阅读理解：
1----5 DACBA 6----7 AA
