初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解 篇一
初中英语中,定语从句是一个非常重要的语法项目。定语从句通常用来修饰一个名词或代词,用于进一步说明或限定这个名词或代词的内容。定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
关系代词有三个:who, whom, whose, which, that。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或所有格。
关系代词who在定语从句中作主语,指人。例如:The boy who is sitting next to me is my best friend.(坐在我旁边的那个男孩是我的好朋友。)
关系代词whom在定语从句中作宾语,指人。例如:The girl whom I met yesterday is a famous singer.(我昨天遇到的那个女孩是一位著名的歌手。)
关系代词whose在定语从句中作所有格,指人或物。例如:The book whose cover is red is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。)
关系代词which在定语从句中作主语、宾语或所有格,指物。例如:The cat which is sleeping on the sofa is very cute.(睡在沙发上的那只猫非常可爱。)
关系代词that在定语从句中作主语、宾语或所有格,指人或物。例如:The car that is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。)
关系副词有三个:when, where, why。关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
关系副词when在定语从句中表示时间。例如:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。)
关系副词where在定语从句中表示地点。例如:This is the school where I study.(这是我上学的学校。)
关系副词why在定语从句中表示原因。例如:I don't know the reason why he left.(我不知道他离开的原因。)
在定语从句中,关系代词或关系副词引导的从句与先行词的关系紧密,不能随意改变。同时,当先行词是物时,可以用that来引导定语从句;当先行词是人时,可以用that或who来引导定语从句,但who更常用。
定语从句在句子中起到修饰作用,可以更加详细地描述名词或代词的特点或属性。掌握定语从句的语法规则和用法,能够帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思,提高语言表达能力。初中英语定语从句是一个需要反复练习和巩固的语法项目,希望同学们能够多加练习,熟练掌握定语从句的用法。
初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解 篇二
初中英语定语从句是一种非常重要的语法结构,它能够在句子中起到修饰名词或代词的作用,进一步说明或限定其内容。在定语从句中,我们常用的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which和that,关系副词有when, where和why。
关系代词who和that都可以用来修饰人,但who更常用。例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister.(那个站在那边的女孩是我姐姐。)关系代词that在修饰人时,常用于限定性定语从句。例如:The man that you met yesterday is my teacher.(你昨天遇到的那个男人是我的老师。)
关系代词whom用来修饰人作宾语,常用于非限定性定语从句,也可以用于限定性定语从句。例如:The boy whom I saw at the party is my classmate.(我在聚会上见到的那个男孩是我的同学。)
关系代词whose用来修饰人或物作所有格,例如:The book whose cover is torn belongs to me.(封面破损的那本书是我的。)
关系代词which用来修饰物,可以作主语、宾语或所有格。例如:The car which is parked outside is mine.(停在外面的那辆车是我的。)
关系副词when用来修饰时间,where用来修饰地点,why用来修饰原因。例如:This is the house where I was born.(这是我出生的房子。)
在定语从句中,我们需要注意一些特殊情况。当先行词是不定代词时,我们可以使用关系代词that来引导定语从句。例如:I have something that I want to show you.(我有一些东西想给你看。)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级时,我们可以使用关系副词来引导定语从句。例如:This is the most beautiful place where I have ever been.(这是我去过的最美的地方。)
掌握初中英语定语从句的语法规则和用法,可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。通过大量的练习和积累,我们可以在写作和口语表达中更加准确和流利地使用定语从句。希望同学们能够认真学习,不断提高自己的英语水平。
初中英语定语从句专项语法讲解 篇三
点击进入:定语从句讲解栏目查看更多信息定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句
的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
参考答案:
I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that