染雾英语倒装句的用法 篇一
In English grammar, inverted sentences, also known as inverted word order, are a common syntactic structure where the verb comes before the subject. This inversion is often used for emphasis, to create a sense of formality, or to add variety to sentence structure. In this article, we will explore the different types of inverted sentences and how they are used in English.
One common type of inverted sentence is when an adverbial phrase or adverbial clause is placed at the beginning of a sentence. For example, "In the middle of the room stood a beautiful piano." In this sentence, the adverbial phrase "In the middle of the room" is inverted, with the verb "stood" coming before the subject "a beautiful piano." This inversion places emphasis on the location of the piano, creating a more dramatic effect.
Another type of inverted sentence is when a negative adverb or adverbial phrase is used at the beginning of a sentence. For example, "Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset." In this sentence, the negative adverb "Never" is inverted, with the verb "have" coming before the subject "I." This inversion adds emphasis to the speaker's astonishment at the beauty of the sunset.
Inverted sentences are also commonly used in conditional sentences, where the word "if" is placed at the beginning of the sentence. For example, "If I were a bird, I would fly to the highest mountain." In this sentence, the verb "were" is inverted with the subject "I" to create a hypothetical or unreal condition. This inversion is used to express a wish or desire that is unlikely to happen.
In addition, inverted sentences can be used in questions. Instead of using the typical word order of subject-verb-object, the verb and subject are inverted. For example, "Can you swim?" becomes "Swim, can you?" In this sentence, the verb "swim" is inverted with the subject "you" to form a question. This inversion is often used in formal or poetic writing to add variety to sentence structure.
It is important to note that the use of inverted sentences can vary depending on the context and the level of formality. In formal writing or speeches, inverted sentences are often used to add emphasis or create a sense of sophistication. However, in everyday conversational English, inverted sentences are less common and may sound unnatural if used excessively.
In conclusion, inverted sentences are a useful tool in English grammar for adding emphasis, creating variety in sentence structure, and expressing hypothetical or unreal conditions. Whether used in adverbial phrases, negative adverbs, conditional sentences, or questions, inverted sentences can enhance the impact and style of your writing or speech.
英语倒装句的用法 篇二
Inverted sentences, also known as inversion, are a grammatical structure in English where the normal word order of subject-verb-object is reversed. This inversion is used to add emphasis, create a formal tone, or introduce a conditional or hypothetical situation. In this article, we will explore the different types of inverted sentences and their usage in English.
One common use of inverted sentences is to place an adverb or adverbial phrase at the beginning of a sentence. For example, "Never have I seen such a beautiful garden." In this sentence, the adverb "never" is inverted, with the verb "have" coming before the subject "I." This inversion adds emphasis to the speaker's surprise or disbelief at the beauty of the garden.
Inverted sentences can also be used to introduce a conditional or hypothetical situation. For example, "Had I known about the party, I would have attended." In this sentence, the verb "had" is inverted with the subject "I" to express a past unreal condition. This inversion is used to indicate regret or missed opportunities.
Another use of inverted sentences is in questions. Instead of the typical word order of subject-verb-object, the verb and subject are inverted. For example, "Can you swim?" becomes "Swim, can you?" In this sentence, the verb "swim" is inverted with the subject "you" to form a question. This inversion is often used in formal or poetic writing to add variety to sentence structure.
Inverted sentences are also commonly used with negative adverbs or phrases. For example, "Not only did she win the race, but she also broke the record." In this sentence, the negative adverb "not only" is inverted, with the verb "did" coming before the subject "she." This inversion adds emphasis to the speaker's surprise or admiration for the person's achievements.
It is important to note that the use of inverted sentences can vary depending on the context and the level of formality. In formal writing or speeches, inverted sentences are often used to add emphasis or create a sense of sophistication. However, in everyday conversational English, inverted sentences are less common and may sound unnatural if used excessively.
In conclusion, inverted sentences are a versatile grammatical structure in English that can be used for emphasis, formal tone, conditional or hypothetical situations, and questions. Whether used with adverbs, in conditional clauses, or in negative constructions, inverted sentences can add depth and variety to your writing or speech.
英语倒装句的用法 篇三
英语倒装句的用法倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子
成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构
加以颠倒。
倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete
Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial
Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需
要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情
况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修
辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。
一、 表示强调:
倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你
才可以解决这个问题。
例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no
way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句
子用部分倒装。
例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下
起了雨。
例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示
强调so /such和that之间的部分。
例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要
价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors
walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极
佳的修辞效果。
二、 承上启下
有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧
接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承
上启下的作用。
例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying
on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她
叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we
are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不
平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒
装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图
画。
再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
Out of the bosom of the Air,
Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
Over the woodlands brown and bare,
Over the harvest-fields forsaken,
Silent, and soft, and slow,
Descends the snow.
在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七
个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读
罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
四、 平衡结构
英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保
持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常
采用倒装语序。
1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使
句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with
orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders
from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.
一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be
shipped to some other cities.
地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采
用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语
序以取得理想的表达效果。
2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都
提到主语前。如:
Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的
信在这儿。
五、 使描写生动
有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词
(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句
首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:
Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman
pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三
楼跳了下去。
Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风
采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound.
The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,
helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred
voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the
window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装
句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the
people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地
贼场面。
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,
了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 ,
对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使
文章表达更生动、有力。
