染雾初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练 篇一
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，也是初中阶段学习者较为常见的语法结构之一。掌握好定语从句的用法和构造对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力都非常重要。本文将从定语从句的定义、构造和用法三个方面进行详细讲解，并提供一些训练题供大家练习。
定语从句是修饰一个名词或代词的从句，用来对名词或代词进行进一步的说明或描述。定语从句通常由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（when, where, why）引导。例如：
1. The boy who is sitting over there is my brother.
2. I have a friend whose father is a doctor.
3. Is there anything that I can help you with?
定语从句的构造有两种形式：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中起到修饰和限定的作用，去掉后会对句子的意思产生较大影响。非限制性定语从句用来对名词进行补充说明，去掉后对句子的意思影响不大，通常用逗号与主句分开。
1. The book that is on the table is mine.（限制性）
2. My sister, who is a teacher, lives in London.（非限制性）
定语从句的用法多种多样，可以用来对人、事物、时间、地点、原因等进行修饰。以下是一些常见的用法：
1. 修饰人：
- The girl who is talking to Tom is his sister.
- The man whom I met yesterday is a famous actor.
2. 修饰事物：
- I have a dog that loves to play with a ball.
- The book which is on the shelf is very interesting.
3. 修饰时间：
- The day when I first met you was unforgettable.
- Do you remember the time when we went to the beach together?
4. 修饰地点：
- The city where I was born is very beautiful.
- This is the house which I lived in when I was a child.
5. 修饰原因：
- That is the reason why I didn't go to the party.
- He told me the reason that he was late for the meeting.
现在，我们来进行一些练习，以加深对定语从句的理解和运用能力。
Exercise 1: 选择合适的关系词填空。
1. The girl ________ is wearing a red dress is my best friend.
2. This is the book ________ I bought yesterday.
3. Is there anything else ________ I can help you with?
4. The reason ________ he didn't come to the party is that he was sick.
5. Do you remember the day ________ we went to the zoo together?
Exercise 2: 将下列句子中的定语从句改写为非限制性定语从句。
1. The car that is parked outside is mine.
2. The boy who won the competition is my brother.
3. The house which I lived in when I was a child is now a museum.
4. The reason that he gave for being late was that his car broke down.
5. The day when we first met was a rainy day.
答案：
Exercise 1: who, that, that, why, when
Exercise 2: The car parked outside is mine.
The boy who won the competition is my brother.
The house I lived in when I was a child is now a museum.
The reason he gave for being late was that his car broke down.
The day we first met was a rainy day.
通过本文的讲解和练习，相信大家对定语从句有了更深入的理解和掌握。通过大量的练习和实践，相信大家能够在写作和阅读中更加灵活地运用定语从句，提升自己的语言表达能力。下篇文章将继续为大家介绍定语从句的更多知识点和练习题，敬请期待。
初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练 篇二
定语从句是初中英语中非常重要的一个语法知识点，掌握好定语从句的用法和构造对于提高语言表达能力和理解能力都非常重要。本文将继续为大家讲解定语从句的更多知识点，并提供一些练习题供大家巩固和提升。
定语从句的引导词有关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that，关系副词有when, where, why。在定语从句中，关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，而关系副词则在从句中充当状语。
1. 关系代词的用法：
- who/that用来修饰人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
- The girl who/that is standing over there is my sister.
- The man who/that I met yesterday is a famous actor.
- whom/that用来修饰人，在从句中充当宾语。
- The girl whom/that I talked to is my best friend.
- whose用来修饰人或物，在从句中充当定语，表示所属关系。
- I have a friend whose father is a doctor.
- which/that用来修饰物，在从句中充当主语或宾语。
- I have a dog which/that loves to play with a ball.
- The book which/that is on the shelf is very interesting.
2. 关系副词的用法：
- when用来修饰时间，在从句中充当状语。
- The day when I first met you was unforgettable.
- where用来修饰地点，在从句中充当状语。
- The city where I was born is very beautiful.
- why用来修饰原因，在从句中充当状语。
- That is the reason why I didn't go to the party.
定语从句的位置可以是名词的前面或后面，但要注意引导词的选择和位置的灵活运用。以下是一些例句：
1. This is the book that I bought yesterday.
2. The girl whom I talked to is my best friend.
3. Is there anything else that I can help you with?
4. The reason why he didn't come to the party is that he was sick.
现在，我们来进行一些练习，以加深对定语从句的理解和运用能力。
Exercise 1: 选择合适的关系词填空。
1. The boy ________ is playing basketball is my brother.
2. This is the pen ________ I lost yesterday.
3. Is there anything else ________ you want to say?
4. The reason ________ he gave for being late was that his car broke down.
5. Do you remember the time ________ we spent together?
Exercise 2: 将下列句子中的定语从句改写为非限制性定语从句。
1. The car that is parked outside is mine.
2. The boy who won the competition is my brother.
3. The house which I lived in when I was a child is now a museum.
4. The reason that he gave for being late was that his car broke down.
5. The day when we first met was a rainy day.
答案：
Exercise 1: who, which, that, that, when
Exercise 2: The car parked outside is mine.
The boy who won the competition is my brother.
The house I lived in when I was a child is now a museum.
The reason he gave for being late was that his car broke down.
The day we first met was a rainy day.
通过本文的讲解和练习，相信大家对定语从句的理解和掌握有了更深入的了解。定语从句是英语语法中一个重要且常见的结构，通过大量的练习和实践，相信大家能够在写作和阅读中更加灵活地运用定语从句，提升自己的语言表达能力。希望本文对大家的学习有所帮助。
初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练 篇三
这篇关于初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练，是®特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！
一、定语从句概念
定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
先行词 定语从句
在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示：
格
先行词 主格 宾格 所有格
人 who whom whose
物 which which
whose
of which
人、物 that that —
（一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法
who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：
Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗？
This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。
The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。（在非正式英语中，主格who代替了宾格whom，亦可省略）
whose一般代替人，有时亦可代替物，是所有格，在定语从句作定语。例如：
The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。
Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here?
（二）关系代词which的用法
which代替物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如：
I do not like stories which have unhappy endings.
我不喜欢有不幸结局的小说。（which可以换成that）
Tom works for a factory which makes watches.
汤姆在一个制表厂工作。（which可以换成that）
（三）关系代词that的用法
that既可指人又可指物，在当代英语中大多指物，在定语从句作主语或宾语，作宾语时还可省略。例如：
Is she the girl that sells newspapers?
她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗？（that可以换成who）
Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?
放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了？（that可以换成which）
Is this the book that you want to buy?
这是你要买的那本书吗？ （that可以换成which，在定语从句作宾语，还可以省略）
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
常用的关系副词只有三个：when, where, why，在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀：
the time when
the place where
the reason why
（一）关系副词when的用法
关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间，when在定语从句作时间状语。例如：
In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.
北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。（when先行词是months）
Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace?
你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗？（when先行词是day， 当代英语里when可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词）
I haven’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.
自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。（when先行词是year，同样when可以用that代替）
（二）关系副词where的用法
关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点，where在定语从句作地点状语。例如：
During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.
春节期间，我回到了生我养我的家乡。（where的先行词是town）
This is the place where Li Bai once lived.
这是李白曾经生活过的地方。（where先行词是place）
上面这个句子不可以将where改为that，因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句：
This is the place that Li Bai once visited.
这是李白曾经游览过的地方。（that的先行词同样是place，但这个that是关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，还可以用which替换）
（三）关系副词why的用法
关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因，why在定语从句作原因状语。例如：
The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you have got my email.
我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。（why先行词是reason， 当代英语里why可以用that替代，这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词，还可以将why省略）
This is the reason why he came late to school.
这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。（why先行词是reason，why可以用that替代，还可以省略）
注意：如果上面的句子将the reason省略，那么这个句子就变成了（This is why he came late to school. ）表语从句，句子意思丝毫未变。
四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句
as是个比较特殊的关系代词，一是用在某些句型搭配里，二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。
（一）在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中，as引导定语从句
You may take as many books as you want.
你想要拿多少书就拿多少。（第一个as是副词，修饰many的；第二个as才是关系代词，代替先行词books，在定语从句中作宾语）
I have got such a computer as yours.
我有一台你这样的电脑。（as是关系代词，代替先行词computer，在定语从句中作表语，因为yours后省略了is ）
I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.
我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。（as是关系代词，代替先行词place，在定语从句中作表语，因为Guilin后省略了is ）
（二）独立于主句之外，as引导定语从句
As we know,
the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知，地球围绕太阳旋转。
As is known to us,
（As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句，as分别作宾语和主语，替代后面的主句。）
Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.
你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。（关系代词as指代整个主句，在定语从句中作宾语。）
五、关系代词who, which与that的区别
（一）关系代词who与that的区别
1. 当关系代词用作主语时，多用主格who。例如：
He who loses hope loses all.
失去希望的人就失去一切。（先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时，多用who）
I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.
我遇见艾丽斯，她告诉我她在学汉语。（在非限制性定语从句中，用who）
2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时，用宾格whom，不用that。例如：
The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.
我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。（介词与关系代词紧密相连时，只能用宾格whom，不可用主格who）
注意：介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时，或者说介词放在句子后面时，这时可以用主格who，也可用that，还可以省略关系代词。因此，上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法：
(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.
第4句简洁、自然，所以口语中用得最多。
3. 当关系代词泛指人时，多用that。例如：
He is a man that is never afraid of failure.
他是个从不怕失败的人。（that用来泛指人）
4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如：
Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?
用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁？（避免重复使用who，以免造成误解或语义含混不清）
（二）关系代词which与that的区别
1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时，关系代词多用that。例如：
All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物，未必尽黄金。
She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。
2. 当先行词的前面有形容词级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时，关系代词一般都用that。例如：
This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我读过的的一部小说。
He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。
3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时，应用that。例如：
Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆？（这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which）
4. 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词一般只用which。例如：
Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都，将主办2008年奥运会。
5. 介词后的关系代词用which，而不用that。例如：
She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票，其中60％是德国邮票。
六、定语从句的位置
如前所述，定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语，这样它们被分隔了，这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如：
There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.
楼上有一个女孩，大喊大叫。很明显，她疯了。（定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl，被upstairs所隔开）
A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。（定语从句置于句末以示强调）
