染雾建筑英文专业词汇大全 篇一
Building Construction Terms and Vocabulary
Introduction:
As an architect or a student studying architecture, it is crucial to familiarize yourself with the key terms and vocabulary used in the field of building construction. This article aims to provide you with a comprehensive list of essential terms that will enhance your understanding and communication within the architectural community.
1. Foundation:
- Footing: The base of a foundation that supports the weight of a building.
- Pile: A long, slender column driven deep into the ground to provide support for a structure.
2. Structural Systems:
- Beams: Horizontal structural members that carry the load of a building and transfer it to the columns or walls.
- Columns: Vertical structural members that support the load of a building and transfer it to the foundation.
- Trusses: Structural frameworks made up of beams and supports, often used to support roofs or bridges.
3. Building Materials:
- Concrete: A mixture of cement, sand, gravel, and water that hardens over time, commonly used in construction.
- Steel: A strong and durable metal alloy used in the construction of high-rise buildings and bridges.
- Brick: A rectangular block made of clay or concrete used in building walls and other structures.
4. Building Components:
- Roof: The top covering of a building that protects it from weather conditions.
- Walls: Vertical structures that enclose and divide the interior space of a building.
- Windows: Openings in walls or roofs that allow light and air into a building.
- Doors: Entrances or exits to a building, typically made of wood, metal, or glass.
5. Construction Techniques:
- Reinforcement: The process of adding steel bars or mesh to concrete to enhance its strength.
- Formwork: Temporary molds used to hold concrete in place until it hardens and gains its shape.
- Excavation: The process of digging or removing earth to create a foundation or underground spaces.
6. Architectural Styles:
- Modernism: A style characterized by simplicity, clean lines, and minimal ornamentation.
- Gothic: A style known for its pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and large stained-glass windows.
- Classical: A style inspired by ancient Greek and Roman architecture, featuring columns, symmetry, and proportion.
Conclusion:
Mastering the vocabulary and terms used in building construction is essential for architects and architecture students. This article has provided a comprehensive list of key terms that will enhance your understanding of the field and allow for effective communication within the architectural community. Use this list as a reference guide to expand your knowledge and excel in your architectural endeavors.
建筑英文专业词汇大全 篇三
【#写作翻译# 导语】以下是©整理的建筑英文专业词汇大全，一起来看看吧！！a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据 b. DESIGN STAGE 设计阶段 c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件 d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称 e. ROOFING & CEILING 屋面及天棚 f. WALL(CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板) g. FLOOR & TRENCH 地面及地沟 h. DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件 I. STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)楼梯、休息平台及电梯 j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语
【 Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦】【Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石】【Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土】【Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料】【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉】【Timber 木材】【Metallic Materials 金属材料】【Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属】【Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料】 【Building Hardware 建筑五金】【Paint 油漆】 k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语
【Discipline 专业】【Conventional Terms 一般通用名词】【Architectural Physics 建筑物理】【Name Of Professional role 职务名称】【Drafting 制图】
a. DESIGN BASIS 设计依据
计划建议书 planning proposals 设计任务书 design order 标准规范standards and codes 条件图 information drawing 设计基础资料 basic data for design 工艺流程图 process flowchart 工程地质资料 engineering geological data 原始资料 original data 设计进度 schedule of design
b. STAGE OF DESIGN 设计阶段
方案 scheme, draft 草图 sketch 会谈纪要summary of discussion 谈判 negotiation 可行性研究 feasibility study 初步设计 preliminary design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 询价图 enquiry drawing 施工图 working drawing, construction drawing 竣工图 as built drawing
c. CLIMATE CONDITION 气象条件
日照 sunshine 风玫瑰 wind rose 主导风向 prevailing wind direction (平均)风速 maximum (mean) wind velocity 风荷载 wind load (平均)降雨量 maximum (mean) rainfall 雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning 飓风 hurricane 台风 typhoon 旋风 cyclone 降雨强度rainfall intensity 年降雨量 annual rainfall 湿球温度 wet bulb temperature 干球温度 dry bulb temperature 冰冻期 frost period 冰冻线 frost line 冰冻区 frost zone 室外计算温度 calculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区 region with heating provision 不采暖地区 region without heating provision 绝对大气压 absolute atmospheric pressure 相对湿度 relative humidity
d. GENERAL ROOM NAME 常用房间名称
办公室 office 服务用房 service room 换班室 shift room 休息室 rest room (break room) 起居室 living room 浴室 bathroom 淋浴间 shower 更衣室 locker room 厕所 lavatory 门厅 lobby 诊室 clinic 工作间 workshop 电气开关室 switchroom 走廊 corridor 档案室 archive 电梯机房 lift motor room 车库 garage 清洁间 cleaning room 会议室(正式) conference room 会议室 meeting room 衣柜间 ward robe 暖风间 H.V.A.C room 饭店 restaurant 餐厅 canteen, dining room 厨房 kitchen 入口 entrance 接待处 reception area 会计室 accountant room 秘书室 secretary room 电气室 electrical room 控制室 control room 工长室 foreman office 开关柜室 switch gear 前室 antecabinet (Ante.) 生产区 production area 马达控制中心 Mcc 多功能用房 utility room 化验室 laboratory room 经理室 manager room 披 屋(阁楼) penthouse 警卫室 guard house
e. ROOFING AND CEILING 屋面及天棚
女儿墙 parapet 雨蓬 canopy 屋脊 roof ridge 坡度 slope 坡跨比 pitch 分水线 water-shed 二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层 extra ply of felt 檐口 eave 挑檐 overhanging eave 檐沟 eave gutter 平屋面 flat roof 坡屋面 pitched roof 雨水管 downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P) 汇水面积 catchment area 泛水 flashing 内排水 interior drainage 外排水 exterior drainage 滴水 drip 屋面排水 roof drainage 找平层 leveling course 卷材屋面 built-up roofing 天棚 ceiling 檩条 purlin 屋面板 roofing board 天花板 ceiling board 防水层 water-proof course 检查孔 inspection hole 人孔 manhole 吊顶 suspended ceiling, false ceiling 檐板(窗帘盒) cornice
f. WALL (CLADDING) 墙体(外墙板)
砖墙 brick wall 砌块墙 block wall 清水砖墙
g. FLOOR AND TRENCH 地面及地沟
地坪 grade 地面和楼面 ground and floor 素土夯实 rammed earth 炉渣夯实 tamped cinder 填土 filled earth 回填土夯实 tamped backfill 垫层 bedding course, blinding 面层 covering, finish 结合层 bonding (binding) course 找平层 leveling course 素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course 混凝土地面 concrete floor 水泥地面 cement floor 机器磨平混凝土地面 machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring 马赛克地面 mosaic flooring 瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring 油地毡地面 linoleum flooring 预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazzo flooring 硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring 搁栅 joist 硬木毛地面 hard-wood rough flooring 企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring 防酸地面 acid-resistant floor 钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab) 乙烯基地面 vinyl flooring 水磨石嵌条 pider strip for terrazzo 地面做2％坡 floor with 2% slope 集水沟 gully 集水口 gulley 排水沟 drainage trench 沟盖板 trench cover 活动盖板 removable cover plate 集水坑 sump pit 孔翻边 hole up stand 电缆沟 cable trench
h. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)门、玻璃、窗及五金件
木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door 镶板门 panelled door 夹板门 plywood door 铝合金门 aluminum alloy door 卷帘门 roller shutter door 弹簧门 swing door 推拉门 sliding door 平开门 side-hung door 折叠门 folding door 旋转门 revolving door 玻璃门 glazed door 密闭门 air-Tight door 保温门 thermal insulating door 镀锌铁丝网门 galvanized steel wire mesh door 防火门 fire door (大门上的)小门 wicket 门框 door frame 门扇 door leaf 门洞 door opening 结构开洞 structural opening 单扇门 single door 双扇门 double door 疏散门 emergency door 纱门 screen door 门槛 door sill 门过梁 door lintel 上冒头 top rail 下冒头 bottom rail 门边木 stile 门樘侧料 side jumb 槽口 notch 木窗 wooden window 钢窗 steel window 铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window 百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗 plastic steel window 空腹钢窗 hollow steel window 固定窗 fixed window 平开窗 side-hung window 推拉窗 sliding window 气窗 transom 上悬窗 top-hung window 中悬窗 center-pivoted window 下悬窗 hopper window 活动百叶窗 adjustable louver 天窗 skylight 老虎窗 dormer window 密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing 钢筋混凝土过梁 reinforced concrete lintel 钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel 窗扇 casement sash 窗台 window sill 窗台板 window board 窗中梃 mullion 窗横木 mutin 窗边木 stile 压缝条 cover mould 窗帘盒 curtain box 合页(铰链) hinge (butts) 转轴 pivot 长脚铰链 parliament hinge 闭门器 door closer 地弹簧 floor closer 插销 bolt 门锁 door lock 拉手 pull 链条 chain 门钩 door hanger 碰球 ball latch 窗钩 window catch 暗插销 insert bolt 电动开关器 electric opener 平板玻璃 plate glass 夹丝玻璃 wire glass 透明玻璃 clear glass 毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass) 防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass 石英玻璃 quartz glass 吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass 磨光玻璃 polished glass 着色玻璃 pigmented glass 玻璃瓦 glass tile 玻璃砖 glass block 有机玻璃 organic glass
I. STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR) 楼梯、休息平台及电梯
楼梯 stair 楼梯间 staircase 疏散梯 emergency stair 旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair) 吊车梯 crane ladder 直爬梯 vertical ladder 踏步 step 扇形踏步 winder (wheel step) 踏步板 tread 档步板 riser 踏步宽度 tread width 防滑条 non-slip insert (strips) 栏杆 railing (balustrade) 平台栏杆 platform railing 吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole 扶手 handrail 梯段高度 height of flight 防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage) 平台 landing (platform) 操作平台 operating platform 装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading 楼梯平台 stair landing 客梯 passenger lift 货梯 goods lift 客/货两用梯 goods/passenger lift 液压电梯 hydraulic lift 自动扶梯 escalator 观光电梯 observation elevator 电梯机房 lift mortar room 电梯坑 lift pit 电梯井道 lift shaft
j. BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 建筑材料词汇及短语
Bricks and Tiles 砖和瓦红砖 red brick 粘土砖 clay brick 瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile) 防火砖 fire brick 空心砖 hollow brick 面砖 facing brick 地板砖 flooring tile 缸砖 clinkery brick 马赛克 mosaic 陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete 琉璃瓦 glazed tile 脊瓦 ridge tile 石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle) 波形石棉水泥瓦 corrugated asbestos cement sheet Lime, Sand and Stone 灰、砂和石石膏 gypsum 大理石 marble 汉白玉 white marble 花岗岩 granite 碎石 crushed stone 毛石 rubble 蛭石 vermiculite 珍珠岩 pearlite 水磨石 terrazzo 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel 粗砂 course sand 中砂 medium sand 细砂 fine sand Cement, Mortar and Concrete 水泥、砂浆和混凝土波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement 火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement 白水泥 white cement 水泥砂浆 cement mortar 石灰砂浆 lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar 保温砂浆 thermal mortar 防水砂浆 water-proof mortar 耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar 耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar 沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar 纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar 麻刀灰 hemp cut lime mortar 灰缝 mortar joint 素混凝土 plain concrete 钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete 轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete 细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete 沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete 泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete 炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete Facing And Plastering Materials 饰面及粉刷材料水刷石 granitic plaster 斩假石 artificial stone 刷浆 lime wash 可赛银 casein 大白浆 white wash 麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base 喷大白浆两道 sprayed twice with white wash 分格抹水泥砂浆 cement mortar plaster sectioned 板条抹灰 lath and plaster Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos 沥青和石棉沥青卷材 asphalt felt 沥青填料 asphalt filler 沥青胶泥 asphalt grout 冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer 沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic 沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum 石棉板 asbestos sheet 石棉纤维 asbestos fiber Timber 木材裂缝 crack 透裂 split 环裂 shake 干缩 shrinkage 翘曲 warping 原木 log 圆木 round timber 方木 square timber 板材 plank 木条 batten 板条 lath 木板 board 红松 red pine 白松 white pine 落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce 柏木 cypress 白杨 white poplar 桦木 birch 冷杉 fir 栎木 oak 榴木 willow 榆木 elm 杉木 cedar 柚木 teak 樟木 camphor wood 防腐处理的木材 preservative-treated lumber 胶合板 plywood 三(五)合板 3(5)-plywood 企口板 tongued and grooved board 层夹板 laminated plank 胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board 竹子 bamboo Metallic Materials 金属材料黑色金属 ferrous metal 圆钢 steelbBar 方钢 square steel 扁钢 steel strap,flat steel 型钢 steel section (shape) 槽钢 channel 角钢 angle steel 等边角钢 equal-leg angle 不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle 工字钢 I-beam 宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam 丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar) 冷弯薄壁型钢 light gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧 hot-rolled 冷轧 cold-rolled 冷拉 cold-drawn 冷压 cold-pressed 合金钢 alloy steel 钛合金 titanium alloy 不锈钢 stainless steel 竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar 变形钢筋 deformed bar 光圆钢筋 plain round bar 钢板 steel plate 薄钢板 thin steel plate 低碳钢 low carbon steel 冷弯 cold bending 钢管 steel pipe (tube) 无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 黑铁管 iron pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 铸铁 cast iron 生铁 pig iron 熟铁 wrought iron 镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire 钢丝网 steel wire mesh 多孔金属网 expanded metal 锰钢 managanese steel 高强度合金钢 high strength alloy steel Non-Ferrous Metal 有色金属金 gold 白金 platinum 铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze 银 silver 铝 aluminum 铅 lead Anti-Corrosion Materials 防腐蚀材料聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene 尼龙 nylon 聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate 聚苯乙烯 polystyrene 丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin 乙烯基酯 vinyl ester 橡胶内衬 rubber lining 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 沥青漆 bitumen paint 环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer 防锈漆 anti-rust paint 耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint 耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint 水玻璃 sodium silicate 树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar 环氧树脂 epoxy resin Building Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails 螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉 annular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝 screws 平头螺丝 flat-head screw 螺栓 bolt 普通螺栓 commercial bolt 高强螺栓 high strength bolt 预埋螺栓 insert bolt 胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt 垫片 washer Paint 油漆底漆 primer 防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer 防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint 调和漆 mixed paint 无光漆 flat paint 透明漆 varnish 银粉漆 aluminum paint 磁漆 enamel paint 干性油 drying oil 稀释剂 thinner 焦油 tar 沥青漆 asphalt paint 桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil 红丹 red lead 铅油 lead oil 腻子 putty
k. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语
Discipline 专业建筑 architecture 土木 civil 给排水 water supply and drainage 总图 plot plan 采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning) 电力供应 electric power supply 电气照明 electric lighting 电讯 telecommunication 仪表 instrument 热力供应 heat power supply 动力 mechanical power 工艺 process technology 管道 piping Conventional Terms 一般通用名词建筑原理 architectonics 建筑形式 architectural style 民用建筑 civil architecture 城市建筑 urban architecture 农村建筑 rural architecture 农业建筑 farm building 工业建筑 industrial building 重工业的 heavy industrial 轻工业的 light industrial 古代建筑 ancient architecture 现代建筑 modern architecture 标准化建筑 standardized buildings 附属建筑 auxiliary buildings 城市规划 city planning 厂区内 within site 厂区外 offsite 封闭式 closed type 开敞式 open type 半开敞式 semi-open type 模数制 modular system 单位造价 unit cost 概算 preliminary estimate 承包商 constructor, contractor 现场 site 扩建 extension 改建 reconstruction 防火 fire-prevention 防震 aseismatic, quake-proof 防腐 anti-corrosion 防潮 dump-proof 防水 water-proof 防尘 dust-proof 防锈 rust-proof 车流量 traffic volume 货流量 freight traffic volume 人流量 pedestrian volume 透视图 perspective drawing 建筑模型 building model Architectural Physics 建筑物理照明 illumination 照度 degree of illumination 亮度 brightness 日照 sunshine 天然采光 natural lighting 光强 light intensity 侧光 side light 顶光 top light 眩光 glaze 方位角 azimuth 辐射 radiation 对流 convection 传导 conduction 遮阳 sun-shade 保温 thermal insulation 恒温 constant temperature 恒湿 constant humidity 噪音 noise 隔音 sound-proof 吸音 sound absorption 露点 dew point 隔汽 vapor-proof Name Of Professional role 职务名称项目经理 project manager (PM) 设计经理 design manager 首席建筑师 principal architect 总工程师 chief engineer 土木工程师 civil engineer 工艺工程师 process engineer 电气工程师 electrical engineer 机械工程师 mechanical engineer 计划工程师 planning engineer 助理工程师 assistant engineer 实习生 probationer 专家 specialist, expert 制图员 draftsman 技术员 technician Drafting 制图总说明 general specification 工程说明 project specification 采用标准规范目录 list of standards and specification adopted 图纸目录 list of drawings 平面图 plan 局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale ．．．平面示意图 schematic plan of... ．．．平剖面图 sectional plan of... 留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes 剖面 section 纵剖面 longitudinal section 横剖面 cross (transverse) section 立面 elevation 正立面 front elevation 透视图 perspective drawing 侧立面 side elevation 背立面 back elevation 详图 detail drawings 典型节点 typical detail 节点号 detail No. 首页 front page 图纸目录及说明 list of contents and description 图例 legend 示意图 diagram 草图 sketch 荷载简图 load diagram 流程示意图 flow diagram 标准图 standard drawing ．．．布置图 layout of ... 地形图 topographical map 土方工程图 earth-work drawing 展开图 developed drawing 模板图 formwork drawing 配筋 arrangement of reinforcement 表格 tables 工程进度表 working schedule 技术经济指标 technical and economical index 建、构筑物一览表 list of buildings and structures 编号 coding 序列号 serial No. 行和栏 rows and columns 备注 remarks 等级 grade 直线 straight Line 曲线 curves 曲折线 zigzag line 虚线 dotted line 实线 solid line 影线 hatching line 点划线 dot and dash line 轴线 axis 等高线 contour Line 中心线 center Line 双曲线 hyperbola 抛物线 parabola 切线 tangent Line 尺寸线 dimension Line 园形 round 环形 annular 方形 square 矩形 rectangle 平行四边形 parallelogram 三角形 triangle 五角形 pentagon 六角形 hexagon 八角形 octagon 梯形 trapezoid 圆圈 circle 弓形 sagment 扇形 sector 球形的 spherical 抛物面 paraboloid 圆锥形 cone 椭圆形 ellipse, oblong 面积 area 体积 volume 容量 capacity 重量 weight 质量 mass 力 force 米 meter 厘米 centimeter 毫米 millimeter 公顷 hectate 牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter 千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter 英尺 foot 英寸 inch 磅 pound 吨 ton 加仑 gallon 千磅 kip 平均尺寸 average dimension 变尺寸 variable dimension 外形尺寸 overall dimension 展开尺寸 developed dimension 内径 inside diameter 外径 outside diameter 净重 net weight 毛重 gross weight 数量 quantity 百分比 percentage 净空 clearance 净高 headroom 净距 clear distance 净跨 clear span 截面尺寸 sectional dimension 开间 bay 进深 depth 单跨 single span 双跨 double span 多跨 multi-span 标高 elevation, level 绝对标高 absolute elevation 设计标高 designed elevation 室外地面标高 ground elevation 室内地面标高 floor elevation 柱网 column grid 坐标 coordinate 厂区占地 site area 使用面积 usable area 辅助面积 service area 通道面积 passage area 管架 pipe rack 管廊 pipeline gallery 架空管线 overhead pipeline 排水沟 drain ditch 集水坑 sump pit 喷泉 fountain 地漏 floor drain 消火栓 fire hydrant 灭火器 fire extinguisher 二氧化碳灭火器 carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器 halon extinguisher
